Bloom's Taxonomy
Also known as تصنيف بلوم
Definition
Bloom's Taxonomy classifies learning objectives by cognitive demand, from lower-order to higher-order thinking. In the 2001 revision by Lorin Anderson and David Krathwohl, the levels are Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze, Evaluate and Create. Each level implies a different kind of instruction and a different kind of assessment, so the taxonomy is used both to write objectives and to check that tests match their stated intent.
Take the objective "analyze customer complaints to identify root causes". It sits at the Analyze level, so a multiple-choice recall test does not assess it, however convenient that test is to build and score. Mismatches between the level of an objective and the level of its assessment are among the most common flaws in corporate courses.
Bloom's original 1956 framework named its levels with nouns. Anderson and Krathwohl's 2001 revision switched to verbs and put Create at the top, above Evaluate. In practice the levels overlap: learners frequently apply a skill competently before they can articulate the principle behind it.